| Coronary Bypass Surgery (CAB) | Laparoscopic methods, robotic surgery, hybrid procedures. | Using healthy vessels to bypass blocked coronary arteries. | Reduction of chest pain, decreased risk of heart attack, improved quality of life. | 4-6 weeks |
| Heart Valve Replacement/Repair | Development of artificial valves, minimally invasive techniques. | Removal or repair of a damaged heart valve, replacement with an artificial or biological valve. | Relief from symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue, increased life expectancy. | 4-6 weeks |
| Aortic Aneurysm Surgery | Endovascular stent graft placement, open surgery. | Repair or replacement of an enlarged aorta. | Reduced risk of aortic rupture, increased life expectancy. | 4-6 weeks (longer for open surgery) |
| Peripheral Artery Disease Surgery | Endovascular stent placement, bypass surgery. | Opening or bypassing blocked or narrowed peripheral arteries. | Relief from pain, prevention of non-healing wounds, increased walking distance. | 2-4 weeks |
